This research study explores the process of governance of the education system under devolution of Power Plan. This research explains the process of decision-making at local level. This study also highlights the functions and responsibilities of local government with regard education. Furthermore, this investigation shows whether the present plan of governance is effective. This paper analyses the importance of local government system with reference to innovation process. This process help us to understand the importance of devolution of Power Plan at three stages; which include the creation of ideas, the public acceptance and implementation at each level of education management. This research will help in comprehending why, despite the increased expenditure, Pakistan is nowhere near achieving the objectives committed to in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Dakar conference. The research paper also explores a range of challenges and opportunities associated within the governance mechanism of the education department at the district level.

This research paper is to examine the perception of Pakistani university students’ linguistic self-confidence in English as a foreign language across variety of conversational contexts i.e. public encounters, small meetings, large meetings and group discussions. The examination of Linguistic Self-Confidence (LSC) under aforementioned conversational contexts was limited to three types of interlocutors such as friends, acquaintances, and strangers. Linguistic self-confidence can generally be viewed as one of the great sources of encouragement for L2 learners to communicate in English (Clark, 1989:237). The research participants (N=100) of the study were from the Department of English, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Pakistan who were studying English for last couple of years in the department. For the analysis of the data, Statistical-analysis Package for Social Science (SPSS 22) was used analyzed data obtained through questionnaire. Also, Pearson correlation was run to examine the relationship of the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ linguistic self-confidence with three aforementioned audiences. The findings of the study suggested that significant number of informants were linguistically competent to communicate in English. It was also found that there was no statistically significant relationship between the students’ LSC with friends and acquaintances as well as with friends and strangers. But there did appear to be a correlation of the students’ LSC with strangers and acquaintances. Based on the results, suggestions were recommended for future studies along with limitations.

Most of studies investigating creative or artistic practice tend to follow a specific model of research. This model emphasizes examining ‘academic knowledge within the chosen conceptual framework of a particular creative field, and critically reflecting on the practitioner’s subjective or tacit as well as their explicit knowledge’ (Batzoglou, 2012:13). This research study is closely aligned to the same. The purpose of current research is to investigate and comprehend the nature of Creative Writing pedagogy, thereby leading to the design and development of a practice-oriented course module, which could mean a strategic establishment of the writing practice in the Institute of English Language and Literature at the University of Sindh, Jamshoro. The area of studies has been a non-researched and non-specialized field in the institute thus far, and the study therefore highlights why it is imperative to plan basic research into the more practical genre of creative processing for the IELL students.

In support of the One-unit scheme, it was argued that the administrative xpenditure could be reduced by making West Pakistan as a single province. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the financial implications on smaller provinces in general and Sindh in particular. This paper will also look at the distribution of loans among the units including the Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Baluchistan and proves that the smaller provinces did not benefit from the development loan policy under the One-Unit rule.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the status of women in the light of evidence provided by Holy Quran on a Sunnah. Equality of Social rights and status between men and women has remained a source of debate throughout world since many centuries. The history reveals that men have been given prominent position in all the ancient cultures and civilization but Islam has not only condemned such gender based superiority but also rooted out it. Because of the influence of cultural values, norms, traditions and customs inherited from remote past, the Muslims in most of the countries also follow the same pattern and tradition in which man thinks himself superior to women.

There is a plenty of published and un-published sources available on Colonial bureaucracy. These sources focus on the structure, organization and performance of Imperial Civil Service (ICS). However, the public image of the service has been shaped by three of its official historians. I S S O Malley, E A H Blunt, and Philip Woodruff were articulate retired members of the service for whom the service was something special and fine (Taub, Richard P., 1969). The aim of this paper is to analyze the political role of Colonial bureaucracy in un-divided India. It is argued that Colonial bureaucracy was established to strengthen the Colonial rule in India. Nevertheless, it became the source of strength and weakness for the British. It worked like a machine and ignored the feelings and sentiments of people. Their working style created a sense of deprivation among various communities and thus, they began to resist the bureaucratic rule over India.

We examine the determinants of open economy demand for money in Pakistan using Johansen-Juselius co-integration approach and vector error correction model. It focuses upon current float exchange rate regime and quarterly data from 2001Q1 to 2010Q2. The results based on estimation procedure that uses four lags indicate that although M1 is co-integrated with income and interest rate yet the estimate of interest rate is wrongly signed in the co-integrating vector. Adding nominal effective exchange rate in the estimation procedure provides evidence of one co-integrating vector and correctly signed parameters in co-integrating space. The positive estimate of nominal effective exchange rate has implication that monetary authorities should consider nominal exchange rate as valid determinant of M1 If it is used for monetary targeting.

Employee Assistance Program (EAP) is employee based program which is operated within organization; its main purpose is to identify the troubled employees, then help them to solve their troubles, motivate them to resolve their problems through counseling and treatment. The objective of this study is to assess the level of EAP in private & public organizations of Pakistan and then to find the relation between EAP & Employee Satisfaction. Primary data was collected through questionnaires from 100 respondents of 6 different public and private banks and 100 employees of one public and 2 private telecom companies. EAP was measured through instrument designed by John Clifford Anema (2011). Employee satisfaction was measured through instrument designed by Nick Foster (1999).

Education is a basic human right. Education is a major source of creating and developing variety of productive capacities and expertise among human beings. Males’ and females’ equal access to education makes them efficient and effective in their personal and professional roles and enables them to contribute to economic and social development of their countries. Male-female population of Sindh province has significant contribution in the economy of Sindh province as well, in the economy of the country. Whereas, in Sindh province as compared to male population female have little access to their basic rights including education. Government of Pakistan as well as Government of Sindh is focused on providing education to all, up to higher education level for uplifting the unstable economy of the country. The Government took various initiatives such as education policies, planes and schemes to enhance accessibility of education with special focus on female. However, females’ education status remains more unsatisfactory in province of Sindh. Therefore, this research paper is focused on presents the current scenario of male versus female education standing in Sindh and to examine the comparative growth in male and female education status, during past years in Pakistan. This research study also identifies the causes and socio-economic obstacles which make female more deprive to get education in this modern era.

This paper aims to review the patterns of women’s representation in National Assembly of Pakistan. The review is based on secondary sources. The data was gathered about number of women elected on reserved, general and minority seats in the National Assembly of Pakistan in different time periods. The main argument is that there was marginal representation of women in National Assembly till 2002. The situation remained same in both military and democratic governments. The number of women in National Assembly increased with the increase of political quota allocation for them in the year 2002. Women mostly enter the house on reserved seats. Women elected on general seats were less in number; as it was difficult for women to win on general seats. Only one woman could ever get elected on minority seat in National Assembly. The mode of election for women on reserved seats was always indirect. There is need for further measures to make women’s participation equal to men.

The importance of English as an international language and language of education has widely been recognized in the almost all parts of the world. In context of Pakistani education where low literacy rate has always been haunting, the quality of education is another issue, the difference between gender and rural, urban divide also put question mark on whole education system. A sample of 120 students was randomly selected from the list of students of Physical Education Departments (PED) belonging to public sector Universities. The data was collected through questionnaire and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Mean standard deviation and T-test was used to test the hypotheses. It was found that English proficiency of learners living urban areas was better than learners having rural back ground. The role of teachers was dismal; however learners’ attitude towards English proficiency was positive as they were cognizant to the importance of English and keen to learn English. Parents’ role in urban area was encouraging than the parents in rural areas. Students’ access to quality education and other basic facilities was less in rural area as compared to urban areas. Overall position of English proficiency was unsatisfactory keeping in view the standards of English.

This study aims to explore the effect of violence and aggressiveness should on television among the children. It also find out the difference on the basis of gender, educational level, ethnically and areas of residence. For this study the researchers collected data from 624 respondents through random sampling from 5th to 8th class students of Sindh province. Data was analyzed through SPSS Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) to ensure objectivity in the results of the study. The study found that there was least presence of aggressive tendencies among the children, while compromise in case of any conflict. However a insignificant number of children silence that gang fight and even a negligible number of children in Cable Towns with a small increase in Non Cable Towns seems inclined to acquire weapons for their protection in the same situation. As the majority of children of both Cable and Non Cable Towns are of light viewers, the possible effects of television violence seem seldom among children of the region. The trend is present in both genders with a slight difference. Views about handling weapons, the results were surprising to note that majority of children were not interested in handily weapons, especially in Cable Towns. However in Non Cable Towns, a significant number of boys were interested in handling the weapon. In Non Cable Towns the junior grade children were more interested to use the weapon. On ethnic basis, Cable Town children were looking more interested in using weapons in comparison to Sindhi Speaking children, while in Non-Cable Towns, majority of Sindhi Speaking children showed their interest in operating the weapons. The study proves that there is correlation between increasing content of television and effects on young viewers.

Present study is designed to analyze relationship between poverty and health. It has been rightly said that poverty is a mother of all social evils. Poverty is a major social problem of Pakistan. It has adverse effects on health. For the study of this problem a survey method was used to collect data. A questionnaire was administrative in 35 villages of Taluka Manjhand. The related literature is carefully reviewed and incorporated in this paper. Results and conclusions are drawn from primary data which are presented in frequency and percentage based tables and diagrams are used to make data more understandable. On the basis of conclusion some suggestions are forwarded to improve the situation.

A number of studies in the field of language and gender have concluded that females have a tendency of using more personal pronouns in their language. It reflects their more involvement with the readers than males. This paper examines the differences between male and female written expressions in terms of the use of personal pronouns. The study applied the method of corpus linguistics in order to examine the written expressions of males and females in this regard. Personal pronouns I, me, my, we, our, us, you, your, he and she were studied in particular. The study revealed that males and females differed in the use of some personal pronouns but as a whole there was no significant difference in the use of personal pronouns in their written expressions.

History is replete with events, change, cause and effect on the basis of language. Political movements and geographical changes occurred in different corners of the world and eras have slightly and massively been linked with language. Many regions are currently facing separatist movements mainly rooted in languages or dialects. A few authors have written about the criteria for defining a particular linguistic system as a language in terms of the number of speakers, its prestige, whether they have been accepted as national languages, whether they present written forms and literary traditions, whether similar linguistic systems exist in the same country or area which present an elevated level of lexical similarity, whether they have less number of speakers, etc. It seems simple to differentiate between a language and a dialect. However, although the definition of language seems to be clear and every dictionary of the world contains it, in practical terms when facing the dilemma of whether a particular linguistic system is a language or a dialect, these definitions are blurry from a scientific point of view and socio-linguistic and political pressures may play a role in many cases. This paper will propose better criteria towards differentiation of language and dialect basing the argument on the empirical evidence of the history of linguistics.